FRL

Companies on record

Profiles of the major record labels — plus the streaming and live-music gatekeepers that shape the same business. Each collects the documented cases tied to that company. Inclusion reflects the public record, not a verdict on everything the company has ever done.

Big Machine Records

The Nashville independent that signed a 15-year-old Taylor Swift and owned the masters to her first six albums — masters that were sold twice without her, igniting the highest-profile ownership fight in pop history.

1 case on file →

Blackground Records

The label that signed a 12-year-old JoJo to a seven-album deal, then — by her account and lawsuit — failed to release her music for years while she remained contractually trapped and unable to record elsewhere.

1 case on file →

EMI / Virgin Records

The storied British major — home to Virgin Records — that sued 30 Seconds to Mars for $30 million when the band tried to invoke California's seven-year rule to escape a deal under which, the band said, it had sold millions of records yet remained millions in debt. EMI's recorded-music business was absorbed by Universal in 2012.

1 case on file →

LaFace Records

The Atlanta powerhouse behind TLC — the best-selling American girl group of all time, who filed for bankruptcy in 1995 while their album was a diamond-selling hit, exposing how little of the money reached the artists.

1 case on file →

Live Nation Entertainment (Ticketmaster)

Not a record label, but the company that sits between fans, artists, and venues — owning Ticketmaster, the dominant promoter, and a vast venue network. In 2024 the U.S. DOJ and 29 states sued to break it up; in 2026 a jury found it an illegal monopoly.

2 cases on file →

Sony Music Entertainment

One of the three majors, and the company (as Sony BMG) that paid $10 million to settle New York's payola investigation in 2005. Its imprints have also been at the center of high-profile contract fights.

3 cases on file →

Spotify

Not a record label, but the dominant streaming platform — and the gatekeeper that sets the terms most artists actually live under. Included here for two contested practices: 'Discovery Mode,' which critics call modern payola, and its 2024 move to stop paying royalties on tracks under 1,000 annual streams.

2 cases on file →

Universal Music Group

The world's largest music company by market share, home to Republic, Interscope, Def Jam, and Capitol. Its scale means its decisions — like pulling its catalog from TikTok in 2024 — move the entire market.

1 case on file →

Warner Music Group

The smallest of the three majors, and the company whose 1990s standoff with Prince over ownership of his master recordings became the defining symbol of the artist-vs-label fight for control.

1 case on file →